What is Thai Thai disease?

What is Thai Thai disease?

itai-itai disease. Introduction. Itai-itai disease was found in the cadmium(Cd) polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture, and has been generally recognized since the 1950’s by the effort of inhabitants and Dr. Hagino who was a general practitioner with a private clinic in the polluted area.

What has cadmium in it?

Most soil and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, contain some cadmium. Cadmium is used in many products, including batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics, and it is found in cigarette smoke.

Is itai-itai disease curable?

The term “itai-itai disease” was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) people with the condition felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium (Cd) poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. Effective treatments involve the use of chelators to promote urinary excretion of Cd.

What should I avoid in Thailand?

1. Places for backpackers to stay

• Avoid: Khao San Road.
• Instead: Sukhumvit and Siam Square are popular and convenient alternatives.
• Avoid: Bargaining a flat rate with a taxi driver.
• Instead: Insist on using the meter – it’s illegal for taxi drivers to refuse.
• Avoid: Ping Pong Shows.

How Does cadmium Enter the body?

Cadmium enters your body through eating, drinking or breathing. Some cadmium stays in your body, some is breathed out, and some leaves the body as waste. If you do not eat foods containing enough iron or other nutrients, more cadmium may remain in your body.

What are the symptoms of itai-itai disease?

The term “itai-itai disease” was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) people with the condition felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium (Cd) poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure.

Is Thai street food safe to eat?

Some travellers wonder whether they should eat street food at all, or if it’s a guaranteed way to get sick. Contrary to popular belief, though, street food in Thailand (and many other countries) is no riskier than restaurants.

Do people speak English in Thailand?

The main language spoken in Thailand is Thai. English is the most common second language, and many Thais have studied some level of English either at school or through practice with foreign friends.

Which metal is responsible for itai-itai disease?

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements to which humans could be exposed at work or in the environment. The outbreak of itai-itai disease, which is the most severe stage of chronic Cd poisoning, occurred in the Cd-polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama.

What was the original cause of itai itai disease?

Medical tests started in the 1940s and 1950s, searching for the cause of the disease. Initially, it was expected to be lead poisoning due to the lead mining upstream. Only in 1955 did Dr. Ogino and his colleagues suspect cadmium as the cause of the disease. Ogino coined the term itai-itai disease.

What causes bone pain in itai itai disease?

Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialisation, and this condition was first recognised in Japan in the 1960s. 1 2 Itai-itai disease is characterised by osteomalaecia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction. 1–3

How many women are affected by Itai-itai disease?

Participants Subjects included 142 women with Itai-itai disease, 111 women with Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction and 253 controls matched for sex, age and occupation. All subjects participated in a health impact survey between 1979 and 1984 and were followed until 30 November 2005.

What was the LCD at the time of itai disease?

LCD at the time when mild disease onset and severe disease onset were recognized in half of the Itai–itai disease patients was 3.1 and 3.8 g, respectively. Furthermore, LCD at the time when mild disease onset and severe disease onset were recognized in 5% of the Itai–itai disease patients was calculated to be 2.6 and 3.3 g, respectively.

Medical tests started in the 1940s and 1950s, searching for the cause of the disease. Initially, it was expected to be lead poisoning due to the lead mining upstream. Only in 1955 did Dr. Ogino and his colleagues suspect cadmium as the cause of the disease. Ogino coined the term itai-itai disease.

Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialisation, and this condition was first recognised in Japan in the 1960s. 1 2 Itai-itai disease is characterised by osteomalaecia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction. 1–3

How much cadmium is needed to develop itai itai disease?

Studies conducted to estimate the amount of cadmium exposure necessary to develop Itai-Itai Disease found permissible lifetime cadmium intake (LCD) levels for humans to be 1.7 to 2.1 g. When Itai-Itai Disease was first being recognized in just 5% of the afflicted population, LCD levels are estimated to have already been at 2.6 g.

What is the HR for itai-itai disease?

The HR for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases was significantly increased (13.79 (95% CI 3.87 to 49.10)) in patients, especially in the first 10 years (37.1 (4.81 to 286.0)). Conclusions Among patients with Itai-itai disease, pneumonia and GI diseases contributed to increased mortality risk.