What are the complications of tracheoesophageal fistula?

What are the complications of tracheoesophageal fistula?

Congenital and acquired TEFs are associated with multiple complications, including recurrent pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung abscess, poor nutrition, bronchiectasis from recurrent aspiration, respiratory failure, and death.

What is a long term complication of a fistula?

Congenital esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are common congenital anomalies. Respiratory and GI complications occur frequently, and may persist lifelong. Late complications of EA/TEF include tracheomalacia, a recurrence of the TEF, esophageal stricture, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Is tracheoesophageal fistula life threatening?

Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia are life-threatening problems. They need to be treated right away. If these problems are not treated: Your child may breathe saliva and fluids from the stomach into the lungs.

How is tracheoesophageal fistula treated?

How is tracheoesophageal fistula treated?

1. Make a small incision in your child’s neck or back, depending on the location of the TEF.
2. Divide the fistula, closing the connection between the esophagus and the trachea.
3. Remove the pouch from the back of the trachea where the TEF originated.

Can a fistula cause death?

The overall mortality of fistulas has decreased owing to better fluid and electrolyte replacement and the proper use of parenteral nutrition. However, patients continue to die from fistulas, and the cause of death is nearly always infection.

What is the cause of tracheoesophageal fistula?

Causes of acquired TEFs include iatrogenic injury, blunt chest or neck trauma, prolonged mechanical ventilation via endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, and excessive tube cuff pressure in patients ventilated for lung disease.

Why would a fistula failure?

What Can Cause an AV Fistula to Fail? An AV fistula can fail when there is a narrowing, also called stenosis, in one of the vessels associated with the fistula. When a narrowing occurs, the volume and rate of blood flow can decrease, and you may be unable to dialyze adequately.

How long can a fistula last?

An A-V fistula usually takes 3 to 4 months to heal before it can be used for hemodialysis. The fistula can be used for many years. A graft (also called an arteriovenous graft or A-V graft) is made by joining an artery and vein in your arm with a plastic tube.