How does reperfusion injury cause compartment syndrome?

How does reperfusion injury cause compartment syndrome?

Compartment syndrome is a clinical condition that is characterized by functional loss of muscle and nerve tissues and develops as a result of ischemia which can occur due to increased perfusion pressure within closed muscle fascia of the extremities. Tissue reperfusion after ischemia can cause reperfusion syndrome.

Is there pain with compartment syndrome?

Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome usually develop after an injury and get quickly worse. Symptoms can include: intense pain, especially when the muscle is stretched, which seems much worse than would normally be expected for the injury. tenderness in the affected area.

What type of pain is compartment syndrome?

Acute compartment syndrome usually develops over a few hours after a serious injury to an arm or leg. Some symptoms of acute compartment syndrome include: A new and persistent deep ache in an arm or leg. Pain that seems greater than expected for the severity of the injury.

How does revascularization cause compartment syndrome?

After surgical revascularization, such as embolectomy or arterial bypass, the muscles of the extremity may develop edema due to fluid extravasation or inflammatory responses following an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, with resultant rapid increase in ICP.

How long does reperfusion pain last?

In my experience the syndrome occurs in less than 10% of patients and is self-limited, often resolving 1 week after revascularization. In the calf, severe reperfusion injury may result in compartment syndrome.

Why does reperfusion hurt?

Excessive nitric oxide produced during reperfusion reacts with superoxide to produce the potent reactive species peroxynitrite. Such radicals and reactive oxygen species attack cell membrane lipids, proteins, and glycosaminoglycans, causing further damage.

How is reperfusion injury treated?

Ischemia reperfusion injury has been treated using several therapeutic gases, including hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), NO, and carbon monoxide (CO). 50 , 51 Carbon monoxide, one of the byproducts of the heme oxygenase system, can provide cytoprotection by modulating intracellular signaling pathways through its …

How do you treat reperfusion pain?

Treatment is generally supportive. Pain is usually managed using non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and edema can be controlled with compression stockings (if there is adequate skln perfusion). Medical management of reperfusion injury in the setting of critical limb ischemia has not been investigated.