What are the reasons for increasing incidence of tuberculosis?

Posted on 25/08/2020
by Shantelle Lovell
25/08/2020
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What are the reasons for increasing incidence of tuberculosis?

A range of factors that disproportionately affect migrants and ethnic minorities, including genetic susceptibility, vitamin D deficiency and co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV, also increase vulnerability to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) or reactivation of latent infection.

When did the number of TB cases begin to increase?

In 1986, however, there was an increase in TB cases, the first significant rise since 1953. Between 1985 and 1992 there was a resurgence of TB, with the number of new cases increasing from 22,201 in 1985 to 26,673 in 1992, an increase of about 20% (Figure 2.1).

Are TB rates increasing?

A global total of 206 030 people with multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) were detected and notified in 2019, a 10% increase from 186 883 in 2018. Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year and between 2015 and 2019 the cumulative reduction was 9%.

Why has TB increased recent years?

Case numbers in the UK have begun to rise due to a combination of factors. These include increased migration of people from areas of the world where TB is more common than in the UK and the increased mobility of the UK population. An ageing population and the emergence of HIV, have also added to this increase.

What increases tuberculosis?

The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol and IV drug abuse, and certain diseases (for example, diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers).

Who are the people most affected by tuberculosis?

45% of new registered TB cases are among people aged 25–44 years; this adversely affects household and national economies due to loss of income in the most economically productive age group. 9 of the world’s 30 countries with a high burden of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB) are within the Region.

Is there a decrease in TB cases in the United States?

This represents a 1.2% decrease in TB cases and 1.7% decrease in the incidence rate from 2018 (an 89.5% decrease in TB cases and a 95% decrease in TB incidence rate since 1953). In 2019, the majority (51%) of U.S. TB cases continued to be reported from 4 states: California (23.7%), Texas (13.0%), New York (8.5%), and Florida (6.3%).

How many people die from TB in Europe?

According to estimates, 290 000 new TB cases and 26 000 TB deaths were reported in the Region in 2016, mostly in eastern and central European countries. 45% of new registered TB cases are among people aged 25–44 years; this adversely affects household and national economies due to loss of income in the most economically productive age group.

What’s the percentage of TB cases that are drug resistant?

The percentage of TB cases that are drug resistant has remained stable for the last 20 years. TB bacteria may become resistant to the drugs used to treat TB. This is called drug-resistant TB and means that the drug can no longer kill the bacteria.

Why are there so many TB cases in Australia?

Migration, and to a lesser extent short term residency, often from countries of high TB burden, ensures there is an ongoing potential source of new TB cases, including drug resistant ones, in Australia.

Is the incidence of tuberculosis falling in Europe?

The WHO European Region has achieved the Millennium Development Goal target of reversing the incidence of TB by 2015. In the past 10 years, the number of new TB patients has been falling at an average rate of 4.3% per year.